Physique as the biological factor of choosing sports

Physique is genetically coded but it can be affected by the environment, way of life, eating habits and sports. Body composition and physique are closely related with each other. Sport -anthropological body composition tests that have been done since 1960 the Rome Olympic Games have shown what physique proved to be really successful. These outcomes may help us choosing sports.

A frequent method of determining the type of body composition and shape is the somatotype technique. Heath and Carter worked out a method that assesses the dominance among body parts. It is expressed in a three number rating representing the endomorph, ectomorph and mezomorph components of a body composition. Each component is expressed from 1 to 7 number rating. According to this in andomorph type fat dominates (711), in mezomorph type muscles dominate (171) and they also isolated the ectomorph type (117). The types are presented at the peak of a triangle. With these three variations any body types and shapes can be expressed. The degree of dominance can be determined by few body size data (see the work of Éva Boldizsár and Annamária Zsáka entitled, Human-biology). Evidently each athlete’s data are expressed in the different somatotype areas. The first zone contains the data of heavy athletes, weigh lifters, centre players having more fat than average. In the second zone those athletes are listed who have little fat and they are muscular, such as, sprinters and combat athletes. The third zone is for long distance runners, road cycles, high jumpers and female gymnasts. At the left bottom corner of the somatotype suggests obesity.