Physiological background of condition survey
Two groups of motor skills are known. They are conditional skills and co-ordinating abilities. The characteristic of the first group is to provide energetic conditions, while the second one regulates motions (Nádori, 1994).
Due to physical load acute changes happen in our body. Our organs and physiological functions will adapt to regular physical activities done for a long time. Condition survey is used for measuring and examining motor skills.
Muscles function if muscle fibres are supplied with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. The reproduction of these processes depends on time of load and its intensity (table 1).
Examination of body composition
Aerobic phase is economical, but slow: 1 minute 1 mol ATP. The speed of ATP re-synthesis of anaerobic glycolysis is 1, 6 mol ATP/minute, while anaerobic lactacid process is the fastest: 3, 6 mol ATP/minute. Maximum intensity of anaerobic processes cannot be sustained for long. The different processes of metabolism cannot be terminated clearly. In each phase the dominance of different ways of metabolism can be observed.
Aerobic capacity is the maximal amount of work that an individual can do as measured by oxygen consumption. Anaerobic energy generating processes refers to the use of oxygen that adequately meets the energy demands during exercises. (Gyetvai and Kecskemétiné, 2008).
Anaerobic exercises can be characterised with anaerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold (AT).
Anaerobic threshold: it is the exertion level between aerobic and anaerobic trainings. It is the point when a body switch aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and it is a useful measure for deciding exercise intensity.
It means total amount of energy that can be obtained from anaerobic sources and it is an individual’s body capacity to run its system without oxygen as well as physical exercises of low to high intensity. Above a certain intensity tissue oxygen is not enough, red pyruvate cannot enter the citric acid cycle and it is converted to lactic acid. To get more information blood sampling is necessary that will show the concentration of lactate acid. On a graph lactate values (minimum 8 samples are needed) can be read shown on break point curves of both the aerobic and anaerobic threshold.
The aerobic threshold means the first break point when lactate production and elimination are still on the same level until 2mmol/1 lactate concentration. A well- trained athlete can do exercises for at least 1-1, 5 hours.
Anaerobic threshold value is the second breaking point, the beginning of the significant increase of lactate concentration at about 4 mmol/1 lactic acid. These exercises can be done only for 30 – 40 minutes (Pavlik 2013).
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In this study only those equipment and devices are discussed that are used in practice.