DNS profile in sport-nutrition

Nutritional genomics examines the interactions among different bioactive materials, genes and proteins. The primary task is to determine individuals’ specific nutritional needs to achieve optimal health which is essential for each athlete. It is already known that several functional genomic variants affect our health. B vitamin complex (folic acid, B6-vitamin, B12-vitamin) is indispensable in cell metabolism, especially in DNS synthesis as well as in the repair mechanism. The gene variants (e.g. MTHFR, MTR, MTRR) emerging in the metabolism of these vitamins induce higher folate (folic acid) intake as well as appropriate storage. Similarly, the gene variants (GSTT1, GPX1, CAT), in relation to anti-oxidation detoxification, influence the free radicals, and the defence against oxidative stress. Athletes’ intensive physical activities increase the risks of inflammation which may increase, for example, the functional changes of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP genes. Therefore it is suggested that the anti-inflammatory bioactive substances/materials should be used in higher proportions in diets.

Nutritionists are often involved to advise the quantity of the growing iron needs of athletes. But individuals’ genetic profile may refer to the increased risks against haemochromatosis when its HFE gene specific variant is present. In such cases iron intake may cause serious poisoning of the tissues.

The genetic background is also important concerning sports, for example, weight lifting, and boxing. Certain gene variants affect energy balance, thus the knowledge of athletes’ DNS profile supports the planning and carrying out dining programs. It is evident that, for example, athletes doing marathon, ultra-marathon or triathlon need to be careful about eating habits to be able to achieve optimal performance. Too much carbohydrate causes increased insulin release bringing about lipid synthesis. Glucose is crucial for performance and achievement. Athletes increase their sugar intake with gels and drinks during and after doing energy consuming trainings. A number of genes are involved in the homeostasis of lipolysis; therefore DNS profile is important when planning athletes’ eating habits.