VI.1.1. System of training tools

Training tools are called the enhancing and maintaining of the individual or athlete’s elevated level of performance by physical exercises, competitions, skills (technical, tactical, health related etc.), control tests, evaluation procedures, tools (gymnastic mats, barbells, jumping ropes, beanbags, rubber ropes etc.) and the forces of nature and resources.

1. The forces of nature, hygiene:

The sun, fresh air and water effect the development of the immune system defenses; therefore the individual will be more resilient to infectious diseases. The training sessions conducted outdoors are more valuable in terms of consolidating the operation of the body and the aesthetic enjoyment than those carried out indoors. It’s important to establish good hygiene habits while designing the training basics. The right nutrition, body care, entertainment etc. must be learned.

2. Exercises:

The most important tool to enhance performance is exercise. We must employ practices that have a positive effect in the learning of movement, and establish a multi-year training schedule and continuous improvement of results. To accomplish this, the versatile and general training exercises are the most suitable.

3. Competitions:

The development and measure of special fitness can be done through competitions which are influenced by the technical and tactical knowledge.

4. Vocational skills:

The more consciously, methodically the athlete applies the available knowledge, the greater the possibility of the optimal development of the physical and psychological qualities. It is crucially important to understand the muscle functioning during exercises and the creation and magnitude of resistance. The athlete is familiar with the correct implementation of the movement connections during technical training, thus creating the conditions to correctly envision than improve the movement. This knowledge is also an essential condition in lifestyle and health care.

5. Psychological tools:

Mental training

Autogenous training

Biofeedback training

6. Audits, reviews:

It complies with the validity, reliability and objectivity requirements. It also depends on which components of fitness are checked:

• Physiological tests (circulation, respiratory functions, metabolic measurements;
• Motor tests (technical, physical abilities, and learning the connection of the two);
• Psychological tests (motivation, social relationships, psycho physiological functions);
• Sports tests (technical, tactical training, specialized fitness assessment, analysis of performance in competitions);
• Encouragements to obtain the best possible performance;
• Performance assessment, evaluation, analysis and presentation;

7. High-altitude training:

The goal is to start the body’s adaptation to high altitude (over 1500 meters). This way we can provide more favourable physiological processes on lower sea-height areas.

Additional environmental stimuli affecting the body:

• Reduced atmospheric pressure, thinner air. The pressure conditions change inside and outside the body, for example, the operation of the oxygen intake, transport and usage capability. In the cells, the diffusion of oxygen is more difficult because of the difference in pressure;
• Temperature decreases;
• Air humidity decreases, the humidity is 50% at 2000m and 25% at 4000m;
• Increased ultraviolet radiation, minor reduction of gravity;
• Better lung expansion, decreased reaction, deterioration in coordination;
• Pulse rate increases then decreases;

Adverse effects:

• Altitude sickness
• Edema
• Anemic hypoxia

8. Doping, training tool harmful to health!

Any kind of drug or treatment which stimulates the body in an unnatural way to achieve an abnormally increased performance.

Further interests and reading;