Division of gymnastic exercises

  1. Division on the basis of form:

A./Formation exercises

Figures:

  • line
  • column
  • circle
  • other

B./ General and multipurpose exercises

These movements are the well-known “gymnastic exercises” or FREE BASIC FORM EXERCISES, which serve the basic development of the human body’s movement system, and the development of the organs, organ systems /bone and muscle system, joint system etc./, and the mental qualities connected to them.

They are also referred to as DEFINITE BASIC FORM EXERCISES, because their performance is tied to a definite form.

A.) Free exercises (exercises without a tool): the movements of the body, and the movements of the various body parts in relation to each other, the performance of which needs no special technique.

Their classification:

1. On the basis of  their effect upon the body:

  • strengthening;
  • stretching;
  • relaxing exercises.

2. According to body parts:

  • neck exercises;
  • arm exercises;
  • trunk exercises (abdomen, back, side exercises);
  • leg exercises.

3. According to the structure of the exercise we differentiate between:

  • simple;
  • complex exercises.

B.) Exercises performed with a tool:

  • Tool exercises: bean bags, baton, Dyne Band, skipping rope, ball, medicine ball, ribbon, hoop, dumbbell etc.
  • Apparatus exercises: bench, box, wall bars, climbing rope, climbing pole, vaulting box etc.
  • Exercises in pairs or groups: two-, three-, four-person exercises.

C) Natural exercises: spontaneously mastered, free movements, which engage the muscle groups of the entire body. Their effect is varied and multipurpose, their use is very important in developing the basic movement skills. They are the prerequisites of sport movements.

Its major groups are:

  • Walking, running,
  • Jumping;
  • Throwing;
  • Lifting, carrying;
  • Pulling, pushing;
  • Crawling, climbing;
  • Pull-up;
  • Training exercises,
  • Balance exercises.

4. Physical education games with gymnastics exercises: games which need only a few tools. They are easy-to-learn and have simple rules and tasks. They develop the skills of the participants in a complex manner, but at the same time, you can choose a game which concentrates upon one skill.

  • Tag and chasey games: simple tag, touch tag, tag in pairs, elephant tag, Are you afraid of the bear? etc.;
  • Simultaneous and relay drills;
  • Individual competitions;
  • Training games: trainings in pairs and in groups;
  • Ball games (throwing and shooting).

2. Functional division:

  • Warm-up exercises;
  • Relaxing, regeneration exercises;
  • Exercises to establish, develop and maintain motor skills